Quick Summary
- 1New 2026 regulations from the National Traffic Council now require a driver's license and registration for certain motorized vehicles.
- 2Confusion arises as stores often label all models as 'electric bicycles,' even those legally classified as mopeds.
- 3Legal e-bikes must have a maximum speed of 32 km/h and a motor power of up to 1 kW, operating only with pedal assistance.
- 4Consumers must verify specific technical dimensions and features to avoid purchasing a vehicle that requires documentation.
Quick Summary
As of January 1, 2026, new regulations from the National Traffic Council (Contran) are in force regarding the operation of motorized vehicles. These rules have generated significant confusion regarding the distinction between electric bicycles, mopeds, and self-propelled vehicles.
Many retailers continue to label all models as 'electric bicycles,' regardless of their legal classification. To avoid purchasing a vehicle that unexpectedly requires a driver's license (CNH) and registration, consumers must understand the specific technical differences that define each category under the law.
Defining the Categories
The primary distinction between vehicle types lies in engine power and maximum speed. Mopeds are the most powerful category, capable of reaching speeds of up to 50 km/h with engines that can reach 4 kW (4,000 watts). These vehicles always require a driver's license and registration.
In contrast, electric bicycles and self-propelled vehicles are legally restricted to a maximum speed of 32 km/h and a motor power of up to 1 kW. Exceeding these limits automatically classifies the vehicle as a moped, necessitating the proper documentation.
Consumers should carefully check the technical specifications on the packaging or in the manual. If the model is listed with a throttle (accelerator), it is likely a self-propelled vehicle or moped rather than a standard electric bicycle.
Self-Propelled vs. Electric
Even within the 1 kW and 32 km/h limit, there is a legal difference between self-propelled vehicles and electric bicycles. Self-propelled vehicles may have one or more wheels and can include automatic balance systems, but they are defined by the presence of a throttle.
To remain license-free, self-propelled vehicles must adhere to strict dimensional limits set by Contran:
- Width not exceeding 70 cm
- Wheelbase up to 130 cm
- May or may not have an automatic balance system
Electric bicycles, or e-bikes, are defined as vehicles of human propulsion. They must have two wheels, and the motor is only permitted to function when the user is pedaling. They cannot have a throttle; the assistance must be strictly pedal-assist.
Choosing the Right E-Bike
When selecting a legal electric bicycle, the battery is the most critical component regarding autonomy. It determines the distance you can cover with the motor engaged before power is depleted. A reasonable amperage is 9 ampere-hours (Ah); anything less may significantly limit your range.
Charging is straightforward, typically using a source similar to a laptop charger. Connect one terminal to the wall outlet and the other to the battery input. While the motor assists your pedaling, reducing physical effort, the maximum speed remains capped by law at 32 km/h.
Many models offer regulable levels of impulsion. A higher number of available levels allows for a finer adjustment of speed, though it does not increase the legal maximum velocity.
Safety and Accessories
Even if an electric bicycle is purchased without them, certain accessories are mandatory under Contran regulations. Riders must acquire and install a bell, a rearview mirror, and front, rear, and side reflectors before riding on public roads.
Regarding personal safety equipment, the use of a helmet is not legally mandatory for cyclists. However, Contran and safety experts strongly recommend it as an essential measure for protection.
Regarding pricing, models that comply with these regulations were observed in major online stores in January with prices ranging from R$ 5,200 to R$ 8,000. Examples of compliant models include the Btwin E-100, Elops 500E, and Smartway Turbo 500.
Key Takeaways
Navigating the new 2026 regulations requires diligence at the point of purchase. The burden falls on the consumer to verify that the vehicle's specifications align with Contran standards for license-free operation.
By focusing on pedal-assist mechanisms, adhering to the 32 km/h speed limit, and ensuring proper safety equipment is installed, riders can enjoy the benefits of electric mobility without the administrative burden of vehicle registration or driver's licensing.
Frequently Asked Questions
The primary difference lies in speed and power. Electric bicycles are limited to 32 km/h and 1 kW, while mopeds can reach 50 km/h with engines up to 4 kW. Mopeds always require a driver's license and registration.
Not necessarily. If the self-propelled vehicle has a throttle but adheres to the 32 km/h speed limit, 1 kW power limit, and specific dimensional constraints (width under 70 cm), it does not require a license.
No, according to the National Traffic Council, helmets are not legally mandatory for electric bicycle riders. However, they are highly recommended as an essential safety measure.
Verify the motor power (max 1 kW), top speed (max 32 km/h), and ensure the model uses pedal-assist rather than a throttle. Also, confirm the vehicle's dimensions if it is self-propelled.
